diagnostics: Support for -finput-charset [PR93067]

Adds the logic to handle -finput-charset in layout_get_source_line(), so that
source lines are converted from their input encodings prior to being output by
diagnostics machinery. Also adds the ability to strip a UTF-8 BOM similarly.

gcc/c-family/ChangeLog:

	PR other/93067
	* c-opts.c (c_common_input_charset_cb): New function.
	(c_common_post_options): Call new function
	diagnostic_initialize_input_context().

gcc/d/ChangeLog:

	PR other/93067
	* d-lang.cc (d_input_charset_callback): New function.
	(d_init): Call new function
	diagnostic_initialize_input_context().

gcc/fortran/ChangeLog:

	PR other/93067
	* cpp.c (gfc_cpp_post_options): Call new function
	diagnostic_initialize_input_context().

gcc/ChangeLog:

	PR other/93067
	* coretypes.h (typedef diagnostic_input_charset_callback): Declare.
	* diagnostic.c (diagnostic_initialize_input_context): New function.
	* diagnostic.h (diagnostic_initialize_input_context): Declare.
	* input.c (default_charset_callback): New function.
	(file_cache::initialize_input_context): New function.
	(file_cache_slot::create): Added ability to convert the input
	according to the input context.
	(file_cache::file_cache): Initialize the new input context.
	(class file_cache_slot): Added new m_alloc_offset member.
	(file_cache_slot::file_cache_slot): Initialize the new member.
	(file_cache_slot::~file_cache_slot): Handle potentially offset buffer.
	(file_cache_slot::maybe_grow): Likewise.
	(file_cache_slot::needs_read_p): Handle NULL fp, which is now possible.
	(file_cache_slot::get_next_line): Likewise.
	* input.h (class file_cache): Added input context member.

libcpp/ChangeLog:

	PR other/93067
	* charset.c (init_iconv_desc): Adapt to permit PFILE argument to
	be NULL.
	(_cpp_convert_input): Likewise. Also move UTF-8 BOM logic to...
	(cpp_check_utf8_bom): ...here.  New function.
	(cpp_input_conversion_is_trivial): New function.
	* files.c (read_file_guts): Allow PFILE argument to be NULL.  Add
	INPUT_CHARSET argument as an alternate source of this information.
	(read_file): Pass the new argument to read_file_guts.
	(cpp_get_converted_source): New function.
	* include/cpplib.h (struct cpp_converted_source): Declare.
	(cpp_get_converted_source): Declare.
	(cpp_input_conversion_is_trivial): Declare.
	(cpp_check_utf8_bom): Declare.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	PR other/93067
	* gcc.dg/diagnostic-input-charset-1.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/diagnostic-input-utf8-bom.c: New test.