libstdc++: Guard tr2::bases and tr2::direct_bases with __has_builtin

These non-standard extensions use GCC-specific built-ins. Use
__has_builtin to avoid errors when Clang compiles this header.

See https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/24289

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

	* include/tr2/type_traits (bases, direct_bases): Use
	__has_builtin to check if required built-ins are supported.