cmd/go: update -DGOPKGPATH to use current pkgpath encoding

This will need to be done in the gc version too, probably more cleverly.
This version will ensure that the next GCC release works correctly
when using the GCC version of the go tool.

Updates golang/go#37272

Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/gofrontend/+/219817