libstdc++: Print assertion messages to stderr [PR59675]

This replaces the printf used by failed debug assertions with fprintf,
so we can write to stderr.

To avoid including <stdio.h> the assert function is moved into the
library. To avoid programs using a vague linkage definition of the old
inline function, the function is renamed. Code compiled with old
versions of GCC might still call the old function, but code compiled
with the newer GCC will call the new function and write to stderr.

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

	PR libstdc++/59675
	* acinclude.m4 (libtool_VERSION): Bump version.
	* config/abi/pre/gnu.ver (GLIBCXX_3.4.30): Add version and
	export new symbol.
	* configure: Regenerate.
	* include/bits/c++config (__replacement_assert): Remove, declare
	__glibcxx_assert_fail instead.
	* src/c++11/debug.cc (__glibcxx_assert_fail): New function to
	replace __replacement_assert, writing to stderr instead of
	stdout.
	* testsuite/util/testsuite_abi.cc: Update latest version.