PR 106245: Split (x<<31)>>31 as -(x&1) in i386.md

This patch is the backend piece of a solution to PRs 101955 and 106245,
that adds a define_insn_and_split to the i386 backend, to perform sign
extension of a single (least significant) bit using and $1 then neg.

Previously, (x<<31)>>31 would be generated as

        sall    $31, %eax	// 3 bytes
        sarl    $31, %eax	// 3 bytes

with this patch the backend now generates:

        andl    $1, %eax	// 3 bytes
        negl    %eax		// 2 bytes

Not only is this smaller in size, but microbenchmarking confirms
that it's a performance win on both Intel and AMD; Intel sees only a
2% improvement (perhaps just a size effect), but AMD sees a 7% win.

2023-10-21  Roger Sayle  <roger@nextmovesoftware.com>
	    Uros Bizjak  <ubizjak@gmail.com>

gcc/ChangeLog
	PR middle-end/101955
	PR tree-optimization/106245
	* config/i386/i386.md (*extv<mode>_1_0): New define_insn_and_split.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog
	PR middle-end/101955
	PR tree-optimization/106245
	* gcc.target/i386/pr106245-2.c: New test case.
	* gcc.target/i386/pr106245-3.c: New 32-bit test case.
	* gcc.target/i386/pr106245-4.c: New 64-bit test case.
	* gcc.target/i386/pr106245-5.c: Likewise.